{"id":2206,"date":"2026-02-09T12:41:19","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T12:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ajaimes.inscastellbisbal.net\/?page_id=2206"},"modified":"2026-05-21T19:03:32","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T19:03:32","slug":"programacio-del-webscraping","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ajaimes.inscastellbisbal.net\/?page_id=2206","title":{"rendered":"Programaci\u00f3 del WebScraping"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

En aquesta pr\u00e0ctica he millorat el “cervell” del meu xatbot. He passat d’un sistema que nom\u00e9s llegia el que jo li escrivia en fitxers, a un sistema de WebScraping<\/strong> que \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de llegir tot el meu portafolis sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. D’on ven\u00edem? (Codi del trimestre passat)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Al principi, el xatbot era molt limitat. Si jo volia que sab\u00e9s alguna cosa nova, havia de crear un fitxer .json<\/code> a m\u00e0 i pujar-lo. Era una feina molt pesada i lenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquest era el codi antic:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00c0RREGA DE DADES MANUAL (M\u00e8tode antic)
def carregar_dades():
docs = [‘Lanparty.json’, ‘Faq.json’, ‘Normativa.json’]
resum = “”
for d in docs:
if os.path.exists(d):
with open(d, ‘r’, encoding=’utf-8′) as f:
resum += f.read()
return resum<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\ude80 L’evoluci\u00f3 del meu Xatbot: De fitxers fixos a l’exploraci\u00f3 web<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

En aquesta pr\u00e0ctica he millorat el “cervell” del meu xatbot. He passat d’un sistema que nom\u00e9s llegia el que jo li escrivia en fitxers, a un sistema de WebScraping<\/strong> que \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de llegir tot el meu portafolis sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. D’on ven\u00edem? (Codi del trimestre passat)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Al principi, el xatbot era molt limitat. Si jo volia que sab\u00e9s alguna cosa nova, havia de crear un fitxer .json<\/code> a m\u00e0 i pujar-lo. Era una feina molt pesada i lenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquest era el codi antic:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Python<\/p>\n\n\n\n

# C\u00c0RREGA DE DADES MANUAL (M\u00e8tode antic)\ndef carregar_dades():\n    docs = ['Lanparty.json', 'Faq.json', 'Normativa.json']\n    resum = \"\"\n    for d in docs:\n        if os.path.exists(d):\n            with open(d, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:\n                resum += f.read()\n    return resum\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
2. El gran canvi: El Crawler Recursiu (BeautifulSoup)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ara he programat un Crawler<\/strong>. \u00c9s com un robot que entra a la meva web (ajaimes.inscastellbisbal.net<\/code>) i va clicant tots els enlla\u00e7os que troba per llegir-ho tot. Faig servir BeautifulSoup<\/strong> per “netejar” la web: treu els anuncis, els men\u00fas i els botons, i es queda nom\u00e9s amb el text important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Com m’ha ajudat la IA?<\/strong> La IA m’ha ensenyat a fer servir una cosa anomenada while<\/code>. Aix\u00f2 fa que el bot no s’avorreixi: mentre trobi p\u00e0gines noves, les va llegint fins a arribar al l\u00edmit que jo li hagi posat (per exemple, 260 p\u00e0gines).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prompt que he fet servir:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
“Necessito un codi que en lloc de llegir fitxers JSON, entri a la meva web i busqui tots els links que hi ha per llegir el text de cada p\u00e0gina autom\u00e0ticament.”<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Programaci\u00f3 de seguretat (Try-Except i Timeouts)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Internet \u00e9s complicat i de vegades les p\u00e0gines fallen. Perqu\u00e8 el meu programa no es trenqui, he afegit “escuts de seguretat”:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Try-Except:<\/strong> Si un link est\u00e0 trencat, el bot no “peta”, simplement m’avisa i passa al seg\u00fcent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Timeout:<\/strong> Si una p\u00e0gina tarda massa a carregar (m\u00e9s de 10 segons), el bot la deixa estar i continua.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    CODI ACTUAL: El Crawler autom\u00e0tic
    while to_visit and len(visited) < MAX_PAGES:
    url = to_visit.pop()
    try:
    res = requests.get(url, timeout=10, verify=False)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, ‘html.parser’)
    # Netegem el text de la web
    page_text = ‘ ‘.join(soup.get_text().split())
    all_text += f”\\n— P\u00c0GINA: {url} —\\n{page_text}\\n”
    except Exception as e:
    print(f”Error a {url}: {e}”)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    4. Resultat final i connexi\u00f3 amb la IA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    Tota la informaci\u00f3 que el bot ha llegit a la meva web es guarda en una variable. Despr\u00e9s, li passem aquesta variable al model Gemini<\/strong> de Google amb unes instruccions perqu\u00e8 s\u00e0piga que ha de respondre com si fos el meu assistent personal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Com m’ha ajudat la IA?<\/strong> M’ha ajudat a solucionar errors de seguretat (com el CORS<\/strong>) i a fer que el bot ignori fotos o PDFs que no pot llegir, fent que el programa sigui molt m\u00e9s intel\u00b7ligent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    En aquesta pr\u00e0ctica he millorat el “cervell” del meu xatbot. He passat d’un sistema que nom\u00e9s llegia el que jo li escrivia en fitxers, a un sistema de WebScraping que \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de llegir tot el meu portafolis sol. 1. D’on ven\u00edem? (Codi del trimestre passat) Al principi, el xatbot era molt limitat. Si jo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2202,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"saved_in_kubio":false,"_dseop_meta":"{\"noFollowLinks\":{\"linkList\":[],\"ignoredGlobalDomains\":[],\"textboxValue\":\"\"},\"schemaMarkup\":{\"schemas\":[{\"templateId\":\"WebpageSchema\",\"name\":\"Webpage\",\"id\":\"WebpageSchema\",\"schemaData\":{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"\",\"name\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"datePublished\":\"\",\"dateModified\":\"\",\"inLanguage\":\"\"}}],\"schemaTemplates\":[]},\"metaDescription\":{\"metaData\":[]},\"keywordAppearance\":{\"contentDetails\":[{\"name\":\"Word count\",\"count\":566,\"id\":\"wordCount\",\"status\":\"average\",\"detailStatus\":\"shortAverage\",\"tooltip\":\"words count should be greater then 1500.\"},{\"id\":\"heading1\",\"name\":\"heading 1\",\"count\":2,\"status\":\"poor\",\"detailStatus\":\"longPoor\",\"tooltip\":\"web page should have one h1 tag for better SEO\"},{\"id\":\"heading2\",\"name\":\"heading 2\",\"count\":5,\"status\":\"excellent\",\"detailStatus\":\"excellent\",\"tooltip\":\"good use of h2 tags.\"},{\"id\":\"heading3\",\"name\":\"heading 3\",\"count\":0,\"status\":\"poor\",\"detailStatus\":\"missing\",\"tooltip\":\"web page should have h3 tags for better SEO\"},{\"id\":\"paragraphTags\",\"name\":\"paragraph tags\",\"count\":14,\"status\":\"excellent\",\"detailStatus\":\"excellent\",\"tooltip\":\"good use of paragraph tags.\"},{\"id\":\"boldAndStrongTags\",\"name\":\"bold and strong tags list\",\"count\":13,\"status\":\"excellent\",\"detailStatus\":\"excellent\",\"tooltip\":\"good use of bold and strong tags.\"},{\"name\":\"Avg. Stopword percentage\",\"count\":9,\"id\":\"averageStopwordPercentage\"},{\"name\":\"Avg. 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He passat d’un sistema que nom\u00e9s llegia el que jo li escrivia en fitxers, a un sistema de WebScraping que \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de llegir tot el meu portafolis sol. 1. D’on ven\u00edem? (Codi del trimestre passat) Al principi, el xatbot era molt limitat. 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