{"id":1631,"date":"2026-01-16T08:11:28","date_gmt":"2026-01-16T08:11:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ajaimes.inscastellbisbal.net\/?page_id=1631"},"modified":"2026-03-15T21:38:21","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T21:38:21","slug":"crear-imatge-de-la-maquina-template-i-clonar-la-en-la-resta-dequips","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ajaimes.inscastellbisbal.net\/?page_id=1631","title":{"rendered":"Crear imagen de la m\u00e1quina template y clonarla en el resto de equipos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Introducci\u00f3 i context<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En aquesta pr\u00e0ctica l’objectiu inicial era crear una m\u00e0quina plantilla (template) en un entorn virtualitzat i posteriorment clonar-la a la resta d’equips de la sala. Aquest procediment \u00e9s el m\u00e9s habitual en entorns professionals com una LAN Party, ja que permet desplegar de forma r\u00e0pida i homog\u00e8nia el mateix sistema operatiu a m\u00faltiples ordinadors sense haver de repetir la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 manualment a cadascun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No obstant aix\u00f2, durant el desenvolupament de la pr\u00e0ctica vam trobar diverses dificultats t\u00e8cniques que ens van impedir seguir el procediment original amb m\u00e0quina virtual. Davant d’aquesta situaci\u00f3, vam decidir adaptar la soluci\u00f3 i vam dur a terme la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 completa del sistema directament sobre el maquinari f\u00edsic de l’ordinador, configurant un entorn de doble arrencada (dual boot) amb Windows 10 i Linux Mint. Malgrat la complexitat del proc\u00e9s, vam aconseguir completar-ho tot en menys d’una hora, la qual cosa demostra que una bona planificaci\u00f3 pr\u00e8via \u00e9s clau per resoldre imprevistos amb efici\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Justificaci\u00f3 del sistema de clonatge<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El sistema de clonatge per xarxa \u00e9s la soluci\u00f3 t\u00e8cnicament m\u00e9s adequada per a un entorn com una LAN Party, i a continuaci\u00f3 n’expliquem els motius principals:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Escalabilitat:<\/strong> Un sistema de clonatge permet desplegar el mateix sistema operatiu a 10, 20 o 50 equips de forma simult\u00e0nia, sense que el temps total augmenti de manera significativa. En una instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 manual, cada ordinador requeriria entre 30 i 60 minuts. Amb clonatge, aquest temps es redueix fins a un 90%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gesti\u00f3 centralitzada:<\/strong> Totes les imatges es gestionen des d’un \u00fanic servidor o punt de control. Aix\u00f2 facilita el manteniment, les actualitzacions i la detecci\u00f3 d’errors, ja que qualsevol canvi fet a la imatge mare es pot tornar a desplegar a tots els equips r\u00e0pidament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Efici\u00e8ncia i estalvi de temps:<\/strong> En lloc d’instal\u00b7lar cada sistema des de zero, es genera una \u00fanica imatge perfectament configurada (amb el sistema operatiu, els controladors, els programes i els ajustos necessaris) i es replica a tots els equips en q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de minuts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Homogene\u00eftat:<\/strong> Tots els ordinadors obtenen exactament la mateixa configuraci\u00f3. En un entorn de competici\u00f3 com una LAN Party, aix\u00f2 \u00e9s fonamental per garantir que cap jugador tingui avantatge o desavantatge per culpa d’una configuraci\u00f3 diferent del sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per totes aquestes raons, el clonatge \u00e9s la soluci\u00f3 m\u00e9s adequada i professional per al desplegament massiu d’equips en l’entorn de treball plantejat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Implementaci\u00f3 \u2013 Preparaci\u00f3 del disc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El primer pas va ser preparar el maquinari de l’ordinador per rebre els dos sistemes operatius. Vam instal\u00b7lar un disc dur nou de 120 GB i, un cop a dins del proc\u00e9s d’instal\u00b7laci\u00f3, vam eliminar totes les particions que existien pr\u00e8viament al disc per partir d’un entorn completament net i evitar possibles conflictes amb dades antigues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A continuaci\u00f3 vam crear una nova estructura de particions adaptada a les nostres necessitats:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Una partici\u00f3 de 40 GB<\/strong> destinada a Windows 10<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Una partici\u00f3 de 50 GB<\/strong> destinada a Linux Mint<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • L’espai restant del disc es va deixar sense assignar, reservat per a possibles ampliacions futures del sistema o per a emmagatzematge addicional si fos necessari<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Aquesta distribuci\u00f3 ens permet tenir els dos sistemes operatius completament separats, cadascun amb el seu propi espai, i mantenint un marge de seguretat per a futures necessitats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n

    Implementaci\u00f3 \u2013 Instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 de Windows 10<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Un cop preparades les particions, vam procedir a la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 de Windows 10. Per fer-ho, vam reiniciar l’ordinador des de la BIOS i vam configurar l’arrencada des del suport d’instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 corresponent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La configuraci\u00f3 que vam aplicar durant la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 va ser la seg\u00fcent:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Idioma del sistema: angl\u00e8s<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Idioma del teclat: espanyol<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Regi\u00f3: Espanya<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Aquesta configuraci\u00f3 respon a les necessitats de l’entorn de treball, on el sistema ha d’estar en angl\u00e8s per compatibilitat t\u00e8cnica, per\u00f2 el teclat ha de ser en espanyol perqu\u00e8 \u00e9s el maquinari f\u00edsic disponible a la sala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Durant el proc\u00e9s d’instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 vam crear un usuari local amb les credencials seg\u00fcents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Nom d’usuari: player<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Contrasenya: Pepito253013<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Aquest nom d’usuari \u00e9s el que s’utilitzar\u00e0 a tots els equips de la sala, de manera que la configuraci\u00f3 sigui uniforme per a tots els participants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Un cop finalitzada la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 i amb el sistema Windows 10 ja en funcionament, vam connectar un pendrive a l’ordinador. Mitjan\u00e7ant l’aplicaci\u00f3 Rufus<\/strong>, vam crear una unitat d’arrencada amb la ISO de Linux Mint, que utilitzar\u00edem a continuaci\u00f3 per instal\u00b7lar el segon sistema operatiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n

        Implementaci\u00f3 \u2013 Instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 de Linux Mint en dual boot<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Amb el pendrive arrencable preparat, vam tornar a reiniciar l’ordinador i vam arrencar des del pendrive per accedir a l’entorn live de Linux Mint. L’entorn live ens va permetre provar el sistema abans d’instal\u00b7lar-lo i verificar que tot el maquinari era compatible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Des de l’escriptori de l’entorn live, vam fer clic a l’opci\u00f3 Instal\u00b7lar Linux Mint<\/strong> per iniciar el proc\u00e9s de desc\u00e0rrega i instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 completa del sistema operatiu. La configuraci\u00f3 que vam aplicar va ser la seg\u00fcent:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • Idioma del sistema: angl\u00e8s<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Idioma del teclat: catal\u00e0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Regi\u00f3: Espanya<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Tipus d’instal\u00b7laci\u00f3: instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 al costat de Windows 10 (dual boot)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Durant el proc\u00e9s d’instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 vam crear un usuari local amb les credencials seg\u00fcents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • Nom d’usuari: player<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Contrasenya: 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            El fet de seleccionar la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 en dual boot \u00e9s fonamental, ja que d’aquesta manera l’instal\u00b7lador de Linux Mint detecta autom\u00e0ticament el Windows 10 existent i configura el gestor d’arrencada GRUB<\/strong> perqu\u00e8, en iniciar l’ordinador, l’usuari pugui triar quin sistema vol utilitzar. Aix\u00ed es preserva completament la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 de Windows sense modificar-la.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Un cop completada la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3, vam reiniciar l’equip i vam comprovar que el men\u00fa GRUB apareixia correctament amb les dues opcions d’arrencada disponibles: Windows 10 i Linux Mint. Els dos sistemes operatius funcionaven de forma independent i sense conflictes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            <\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n

            Clonaci\u00f3 \u2013 Procediment t\u00e8cnic i bones pr\u00e0ctiques<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Encara que en aquesta pr\u00e0ctica vam haver de treballar directament sobre maquinari f\u00edsic, \u00e9s important documentar el procediment correcte de clonaci\u00f3 que s’hauria d’aplicar en un entorn virtualitzat amb VirtualBox, ja que forma part dels coneixements fonamentals de la pr\u00e0ctica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Creaci\u00f3 del clon:<\/strong> Des del gestor de VirtualBox es selecciona la m\u00e0quina plantilla, es fa clic dret i s’escull l’opci\u00f3 Clonar<\/em>. Durant aquest proc\u00e9s \u00e9s imprescindible marcar l’opci\u00f3 “Generate new MAC addresses for all network adapters”<\/strong> (Generar noves adreces MAC per a tots els adaptadors de xarxa). Aquesta opci\u00f3 \u00e9s cr\u00edtica: si tots els clons compartissin la mateixa adre\u00e7a MAC, el router no podria distingir-los i es produirien conflictes d’adreces IP a la xarxa, generant talls de connexi\u00f3 i problemes de comunicaci\u00f3 entre equips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Tipus de clonaci\u00f3:<\/strong> Per a un entorn de LAN Party s’utilitza el clon complet<\/strong>, que genera una c\u00f2pia totalment independent de la m\u00e0quina original. Tot i que ocupa m\u00e9s espai en disc que un clon enlla\u00e7at, \u00e9s molt m\u00e9s estable i no dep\u00e8n de la m\u00e0quina mare per funcionar. Amb clons de 40 GB cadascun, cal tenir en compte que 5 clons complets ocuparien 200 GB, per la qual cosa \u00e9s important revisar l’espai disponible abans de comen\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Canvi del nom de l’equip (Hostname):<\/strong> Un cop creats els clons, cal canviar el nom de cada equip per evitar conflictes d’identitat a la xarxa. Tots els clons neixen amb el mateix nom que la m\u00e0quina plantilla, de manera que si no es canvia, el router i els altres sistemes de la xarxa no podran diferenciar-los. La nomenclatura recomanada per a la sala seria: PC-JOC-01, PC-JOC-02, PC-JOC-03\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • A Windows:<\/strong> Configuraci\u00f3 \u2192 Sistema \u2192 Informaci\u00f3 del sistema \u2192 Canviar el nom del PC \u2192 Reiniciar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • A Linux<\/strong> (per terminal):<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              sudo hostnamectl set-hostname PC-JOC-01\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              Despr\u00e9s cal editar el fitxer \/etc\/hosts<\/code> per reflectir el nou nom i reiniciar el sistema perqu\u00e8 els canvis tinguin efecte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              Bona pr\u00e0ctica abans de clonar:<\/strong> Abans de generar la imatge plantilla, \u00e9s molt recomanable netejar arxius temporals i, en el cas de Windows, executar l’eina Sysprep<\/strong> per eliminar identificadors \u00fanics del sistema (SID). D’aquesta manera, els clons arriben a cada equip completament nets, sense arrossegar dades ni configuracions particulars de la m\u00e0quina original.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              Reflexi\u00f3 i lli\u00e7ons apreses<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
              Aquesta pr\u00e0ctica ens ha resultat molt enriquidora precisament perqu\u00e8 no ha sortit com estava previst. Haver de resoldre un imprevist en temps real i completar la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 d’un sistema dual boot en menys d’una hora ens ha ensenyat a treballar sota pressi\u00f3 i a adaptar solucions t\u00e8cniques a les circumst\u00e0ncies del moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              Les principals lli\u00e7ons que ens emportem s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • La import\u00e0ncia de la clonaci\u00f3:<\/strong> Instal\u00b7lar manualment un sistema operatiu \u00e9s viable per a un equip, per\u00f2 en un entorn amb 20 ordinadors \u00e9s completament inviable. La clonaci\u00f3 no \u00e9s una comoditat, \u00e9s una necessitat t\u00e8cnica.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Les adreces MAC:<\/strong> Si no es regeneren les adreces MAC en crear cada clon, el router assigna la mateixa IP a diverses m\u00e0quines i es produeixen talls de connexi\u00f3 constants. Aquest \u00e9s un error molt freq\u00fcent i f\u00e0cil d’evitar si es coneix.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • La preparaci\u00f3 pr\u00e8via de la imatge:<\/strong> Netejar el sistema i executar Sysprep abans de clonar estalvia molts problemes posteriors a cada equip clonat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • La planificaci\u00f3 del disc:<\/strong> Cal calcular b\u00e9 l’espai necessari abans de crear clons complets, ja que el consum d’emmagatzematge creix r\u00e0pidament.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n
                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                Introducci\u00f3 i context En aquesta pr\u00e0ctica l’objectiu inicial era crear una m\u00e0quina plantilla (template) en un entorn virtualitzat i posteriorment clonar-la a la resta d’equips de la sala. Aquest procediment \u00e9s el m\u00e9s habitual en entorns professionals com una LAN Party, ja que permet desplegar de forma r\u00e0pida i homog\u00e8nia el mateix sistema operatiu a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1704,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"saved_in_kubio":false,"_dseop_meta":"{\"noFollowLinks\":{\"linkList\":[],\"ignoredGlobalDomains\":[],\"textboxValue\":\"\"},\"schemaMarkup\":{\"schemas\":[{\"templateId\":\"WebpageSchema\",\"name\":\"Webpage\",\"id\":\"WebpageSchema\",\"schemaData\":{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"\",\"name\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"datePublished\":\"\",\"dateModified\":\"\",\"inLanguage\":\"\"}}],\"schemaTemplates\":[]},\"metaDescription\":{\"metaData\":[]},\"keywordAppearance\":{\"contentDetails\":[{\"name\":\"Word count\",\"count\":1492,\"id\":\"wordCount\",\"status\":\"success\",\"detailStatus\":\"success\",\"tooltip\":\"words count should be greater then 1500.\"},{\"id\":\"heading1\",\"name\":\"heading 1\",\"count\":1,\"status\":\"excellent\",\"detailStatus\":\"excellent\",\"tooltip\":\"good use of h1 tag.\"},{\"id\":\"heading2\",\"name\":\"heading 2\",\"count\":0,\"status\":\"poor\",\"detailStatus\":\"missing\",\"tooltip\":\"web page should have h2 tags for better SEO\"},{\"id\":\"heading3\",\"name\":\"heading 3\",\"count\":0,\"status\":\"poor\",\"detailStatus\":\"missing\",\"tooltip\":\"web page should have h3 tags for better SEO\"},{\"id\":\"paragraphTags\",\"name\":\"paragraph tags\",\"count\":37,\"status\":\"excellent\",\"detailStatus\":\"excellent\",\"tooltip\":\"good use of paragraph tags.\"},{\"id\":\"boldAndStrongTags\",\"name\":\"bold and strong tags list\",\"count\":40,\"status\":\"excellent\",\"detailStatus\":\"excellent\",\"tooltip\":\"good use of bold and strong tags.\"},{\"name\":\"Avg. 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