{"id":1156,"date":"2025-12-18T11:52:44","date_gmt":"2025-12-18T11:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ajaimes.inscastellbisbal.net\/?page_id=1156"},"modified":"2026-04-13T07:36:43","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T07:36:43","slug":"configuracio-de-privilegis-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ajaimes.inscastellbisbal.net\/?page_id=1156","title":{"rendered":"Configuraci\u00f3 de privilegis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Un cop tinc els usuaris i els grups creats, el seg\u00fcent pas \u00e9s configurar el fitxer \/etc\/sudoers<\/code>. L’objectiu \u00e9s que ning\u00fa hagi de fer servir l’usuari root<\/code> directament i que cadasc\u00fa tingui nom\u00e9s els permisos que necessita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas 1: Organitzaci\u00f3 definitiva dels grups<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

He aprofitat els grups que hem creat abans per gestionar els permisos de cop:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Grup proyecto<\/code><\/strong> (adrian, iker, gerard): Tindran permisos totals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Usuari major<\/code><\/strong>: Tindr\u00e0 permisos nom\u00e9s per a xarxa i serveis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Usuari super<\/code><\/strong>: No tindr\u00e0 cap perm\u00eds de gesti\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Pas 2: Edici\u00f3 del fitxer Sudoers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    He obert el configurador segur amb el comandament:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    sudo visudo<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Dins del fitxer, he afegit aquestes l\u00ednies al final per definir les regles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Creaci\u00f3 d’un \u00e0lies per a comandaments de xarxa i sistema
    Cmnd_Alias REDSER = \/usr\/sbin\/systemctl, \/usr\/sbin\/service, \/usr\/sbin\/ifconfig, \/usr\/sbin\/ip
    L’usuari ‘major’ nom\u00e9s pot fer servir els comandaments de REDSER
    major ALL=(ALL) REDSER
    Tots els usuaris del grup ‘proyecto’ tenen permisos totals
    %proyecto ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Pas 3: Bloqueig del compte Root<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Per seguretat, he deshabilitat l’usuari root<\/code> perqu\u00e8 ning\u00fa pugui entrar-hi directament. A partir d’ara, tot s’ha de fer amb sudo<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    sudo passwd -l root<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    4. Verificaci\u00f3 del funcionament<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Per estar segur que la configuraci\u00f3 \u00e9s correcta, he fet unes quantes proves des de la terminal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Amb l’usuari adrian<\/code> (Grup proyecto):<\/strong> He provat de fer un sudo apt update<\/code> i ha funcionat perfectament. Aix\u00f2 confirma que l’equip t\u00e9 permisos totals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Amb l’usuari major<\/code>:<\/strong> He intentat reiniciar un servei i m’ha deixat, per\u00f2 quan he intentat instal\u00b7lar un programa m’ha dit que no tinc perm\u00eds. Aix\u00f2 vol dir que l’\u00e0lies REDSER<\/code> funciona b\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Amb l’usuari super<\/code>:<\/strong> He intentat fer qualsevol comanda amb sudo<\/code> i el sistema m’ha denegat l’acc\u00e9s directament. Com vol\u00edem, no t\u00e9 cap privilegi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Amb l’usuari root<\/code>:<\/strong> He intentat fer un su root<\/code> i m’ha donat error d’autenticaci\u00f3 perqu\u00e8 el compte est\u00e0 bloquejat.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n

      Resum de la configuraci\u00f3 final<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      Perfil<\/th>Usuaris<\/th>Permisos<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
      Administradors<\/strong><\/td>adrian, iker, gerard<\/td>Totals (Grup proyecto)<\/td><\/tr>
      Gestor xarxa<\/strong><\/td>major<\/td>Nom\u00e9s xarxa i serveis<\/td><\/tr>
      Usuari b\u00e0sic<\/strong><\/td>super<\/td>Sense permisos de sudo<\/td><\/tr>
      Root<\/strong><\/td>–<\/td>Deshabilitat<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Un cop tinc els usuaris i els grups creats, el seg\u00fcent pas \u00e9s configurar el fitxer \/etc\/sudoers. L’objectiu \u00e9s que ning\u00fa hagi de fer servir l’usuari root directament i que cadasc\u00fa tingui nom\u00e9s els permisos que necessita. Pas 1: Organitzaci\u00f3 definitiva dels grups He aprofitat els grups que hem creat abans per gestionar els permisos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1208,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"saved_in_kubio":false,"_dseop_meta":"{\"noFollowLinks\":{\"linkList\":[],\"ignoredGlobalDomains\":[],\"textboxValue\":\"\"},\"schemaMarkup\":{\"schemas\":[{\"templateId\":\"WebpageSchema\",\"name\":\"Webpage\",\"id\":\"WebpageSchema\",\"schemaData\":{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"\",\"name\":\"\",\"url\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"datePublished\":\"\",\"dateModified\":\"\",\"inLanguage\":\"\"}}],\"schemaTemplates\":[]},\"metaDescription\":{\"metaData\":[]},\"keywordAppearance\":{\"contentDetails\":[{\"name\":\"Word count\",\"count\":333,\"id\":\"wordCount\",\"status\":\"average\",\"detailStatus\":\"shortAverage\",\"tooltip\":\"words count should be greater then 1500.\"},{\"id\":\"heading1\",\"name\":\"heading 1\",\"count\":1,\"status\":\"excellent\",\"detailStatus\":\"excellent\",\"tooltip\":\"good use of h1 tag.\"},{\"id\":\"heading2\",\"name\":\"heading 2\",\"count\":1,\"status\":\"excellent\",\"detailStatus\":\"excellent\",\"tooltip\":\"good use of h2 tags.\"},{\"id\":\"heading3\",\"name\":\"heading 3\",\"count\":4,\"status\":\"excellent\",\"detailStatus\":\"excellent\",\"tooltip\":\"good use of h3 tags.\"},{\"id\":\"paragraphTags\",\"name\":\"paragraph tags\",\"count\":6,\"status\":\"excellent\",\"detailStatus\":\"excellent\",\"tooltip\":\"good use of paragraph tags.\"},{\"id\":\"boldAndStrongTags\",\"name\":\"bold and strong tags list\",\"count\":11,\"status\":\"excellent\",\"detailStatus\":\"excellent\",\"tooltip\":\"good use of bold and strong tags.\"},{\"name\":\"Avg. 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